HIV-associated lipodystrophy: pathogenesis, prognosis, treatment, and controversies.

Pathogenesis and treatment of lipodystrophy: what clinicians need to know.

The pathogenesis of lipodystrophy in HIV-infected patients is likely multifactorial, involving effects of antiretroviral medications, HIV itself, as well as genetic and other host factors. Protease inhibitors have been associated with fat accumulation, and the nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nRTIs) stavudine, didanosine, and zidovudine have been associated with fat loss (l...

Disorders of body fat distribution in HIV-1-infected patients.

Body fat disorders are a common and relevant problem in HIV-1-infected patients that can be associated with metabolic alterations. Many controversies in their definition, pathogenesis, measurement, and management remain unclear. Several factors including HIV-1 infection itself and antiretroviral therapy have been associated with the development of these alterations. Most studies show that the a...

HIV/AIDS and lipodystrophy: Implications for clinical management in resource-limited settings

INTRODUCTION Lipodystrophy is a term used to describe a metabolic complication of fat loss, fat gain, or a combination of fat loss and gain, which is associated with some antiretroviral (ARV) therapies given to HIV-infected individuals. There is limited research on lipodystrophy in low- and middle-income countries, despite accounting for more than 95% of the burden of HIV/AIDS. The objective of...

Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Mellitus in HIV-Infected Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy.

The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically improved the long-term prognosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, but several abnormalities of lipid and glucose metabolism have recently been reported with increasing frequency in patients receiving potent new antiretroviral combinations. Although a rare occurrence before the HAART era, in...

Pathogenesis and Treatment of Lipodystrophy in Hiv- Infected Patients Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy